abstract class Deferred[F[_], A] extends AnyRef
A purely functional synchronization primitive which represents a single value which may not yet be available.
When created, a Deferred is empty. It can then be completed exactly once,
and never be made empty again.
get on an empty Deferred will block until the Deferred is completed.
get on a completed Deferred will always immediately return its content.
complete(a) on an empty Deferred will set it to a, and notify any and
all readers currently blocked on a call to get.
complete(a) on a Deferred that has already been completed will not modify
its content, and result in a failed F.
Albeit simple, Deferred can be used in conjunction with Ref to build
complex concurrent behaviour and data structures like queues and semaphores.
Finally, the blocking mentioned above is semantic only, no actual threads are blocked by the implementation.
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- Deferred.scala
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- new Deferred()
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- abstract def complete(a: A): F[Unit]
If this
Deferredis empty, sets the current value toa, and notifies any and all readers currently blocked on aget.If this
Deferredis empty, sets the current value toa, and notifies any and all readers currently blocked on aget.Note that the returned action may complete after the reference has been successfully set: use
F.start(r.complete)if you want asynchronous behaviour.If this
Deferredhas already been completed, the returned action immediately fails with anIllegalStateException. In the uncommon scenario where this behavior is problematic, you can handle failure explicitly usingattemptor any otherApplicativeError/MonadErrorcombinator on the returned action.Satisfies:
Deferred[F, A].flatMap(r => r.complete(a) *> r.get) == a.pure[F] - abstract def get: F[A]
Obtains the value of the
Deferred, or waits until it has been completed.Obtains the value of the
Deferred, or waits until it has been completed. The returned value may be canceled.
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This is the API documentation for the cats-effect library.
See the cats.effect package for a quick overview.
Links
Canonical documentation links:
Related Cats links (the core):